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| Khmer | Pronunciation | English/Notes |
|---|---|---|
| នៅ | nɨv | 1. in, at 2. to be located at, to live in or at, to reside, to stay, to be in 3. still, yet (pre-verbal marker of a durative or continuative aspect, as a final particle in the tag question ហើយឬនៅ it means 'yet' and as a reply to a question of this kind, it means 'not yet') {ញ៉ាំអីហើយនៅ? = Have you eaten already?} |
| ក្នុង | knoŋ | 1. in, inside 2. during + (time word) |
| រូបភាព | ruup pʰiep | 1. image, picture, drawing, photo 2. appearance, form, shape |
| ទី | tii | 1. particle used to form ordinal numbers 2. spot, place, location 3. rank, function, service |
| ចូល | coul | 1. to enter, go in, penetrate 2. to approach 3. to reach 4. to begin, set in 5. may indicate the adverbial meaning of ‘inwardly’ or ‘forwardly’ directed movement 6. to enter into, subscribe to, contribute to 7. to take in (as revenue) 8. to mate (of animals) 9. to go into a trance (of a medium) 10. to possess (as a spirit possesses a medium) 11. to agree with |
| ដល់ | dɑl | 1. to reach, to attain, to arrive at 2. to, toward, up to, as far as, at, until |
| យើង | yəəŋ | 1. we 2. I (familiar) 3. in final position used to refer to 'our Cambodian ...' {ទុរេនកំពតយើងមែន? = Kampot durian (from our country, Cambodia), right?} |
| ឃើញ | kʰəəɲ | 1. to see, to perceive 2. to understand, to recognize 3. គិត ... ឃើញ = to find a solution, figure out, solve 4. to come to a conclusion, realize, understand |
| ថា | tʰaa | 1. to say, tell, pronounce 2. that (introduces a question or indirect discourse) 3. I've [just] said, [...] |
| បន្ទាប់ពី | bɑntoap pii | after, next |
| រថភ្លើង | rʊət pləəŋ | train |
| មកដល់ | mɔɔk dɑl | to arrive at, come to |
| ហើយ | haǝy | 1. to be finished, ended, completed 2. enough! 3. final particle indicating completed action, already, by now 4. in a future context indicates action that will be completed at some future time 5. and, afterwards, next, then, after that |
| ក៏ | kɑɑ | marker of sequential or consecutive action: also, so, then, therefore, accordingly |
| ចាប់ផ្ដើម | cap pdaəm | to begin, start Notes: ជើង ដ |
| ឈប់ | cʰup | 1. to stop, halt, cease {ឈប់ធ្វើការ = to quit one's job} {ឈប់ពីការងារ = to quit one's job} {ឡានពេទ្យបានឈប់ខាងមុខខ្លោងទ្វារមន្ទីរពេទ្យ = the ambulance stops in front of the hospital} 2. to stop, wait, hold on {ឈប់សិន = wait a moment!} |
| រំពេចនោះ | rumpɨc nuh | 1. this very minute 2. immediately |
| ទ្វារ | tvie | 1. door, entrance, opening, gate 2. mountain pass 3. bay, gulf |
| ចាប់ | cap | 1. to catch, capture, seize, grasp, get 2. to receive (e.g., a radio or television broadcast) 3. to select 4. clf. for handfuls 5. to begin to, undertake, start 6. to be painful |
| បើក | baək | 1. to open {បើកប្រអប់ = to open a box} {បើកហាង = to open a shop} 2. to turn on (e.g., a light, faucet, radio) {បើកទឹកម៉ាស៊ីន = to turn on the water/faucet} 3. of the sun: to shine 4. to drive (an automobile), generally to operate a vehicle which is powered by an engine |
| ឡើង | laəŋ | 1. to go up, ascend 2. (of aircraft) to take off 3. to rise, get up 4. to climb 5. to get on/board (a means of transport) 6. to go upstream 7. to ferment, rise (of dough) 8. to increase 9. up, upwards 10. upstream 11. increasingly 12. on 13. often occurs as a verb complement in various meanings |
| ពេល | peel | 1. time 2. moment, instant, period of time |
| ដែល | dael | 1. who, whom, which, where, when 2. of/to/in/at which/whom 3. the fact/reason that 4. ever, happened to, having done at least once, having been to, already, always, had occasion to, have ever {អត់ដែលដឹងសោះ = I’ve never known this!} |
| គឺ | kɨɨ | 1. to be (equal to) 2. as follows, namely |
| អ្នកដំណើរ | neak dɑmnaə | traveller |
| ទាំងអស់ | teaŋ ʔɑh | all, all of |
| ចៀស | ciəh | 1. to avoid, turn away from, shun 2. to elude, dodge, swerve 3. to yield, make way/room (for) 4. to give up, forsake 5. to shirk |
| ចេញ | cəɲ | 1. to go out, leave, emerge, exit 2. to issue, bring out, come out (of a publication) 3. to emit, utter 4. out, off, away (also figuratively) {ខ្ញុំគិតអត់ចេញ = I can't figure it out} 5. to pay out, pay for, lay out (money), spend 6. to gain, earn, save 7. to play (a card) |
| ពី | pii | from, since, of, about, at |
| អញ្ចឹង | ʔɑɲcəŋ | 1. in that case, so, then, therefore 2. like this/that 3. this/that much |
| នេះ | nih | 1. this, these 2. often serves simply to emphasize something already referred to or something nearby in time or space |
| ជា | cie | 1. to be (equal to), to be as 2. to be well, in good health, recovered 3. to be effective (of medicines) |
| ចំហៀង | cɑmhiəŋ | 1. half, side, flank, part 2. on the side, on one's side 3. to be incomplete, not full, partial, in profile |
| បានន័យថា | baan ney tʰaa | 1. that means, in other words 2. to mean |
| មាន | mien | 1. to have, possess, own 2. to exist, there is, there are 3. to be rich, own property 4. indicates the accomplishment of an action, to happen to, to have occasion to Notes: in spoken Khmer, negated មាន (មិនមាន or គ្មាន) can be contracted into មាន, e.g., មានអ្នកណាចង់ជួបឯង = ‘there's nobody who wants to meet you’ — contrast this with the affirmative: មានគេចង់ជួបឯង = ‘there’s somebody who wants to meet you’ |
| ពីរ | pii, pɨl | two |
| បាទ | baat | male politeness particle, also used to answer in the affirmative, or agree to or acknowledge a statement |
| ច្រក | crɑɑk | 1. to insert, stuff (something into something), cram, force feed 2. to put on (a ring) 3. pass, passage, lane, alley 4. opening 5. way |
| មួយ | muəy | 1. one {មួយៗ = one by one} 2. one person/myself {សុំចេញមួយ = Please let me [go] out!} {សុំទៅមួយ = Please give way [for me one person]!} {សុំចុះមួយ = Please let me [one person] get off [the bus]!} |
| ទាំង | teaŋ | 1. all, both {ទាំងពីរ = both} {ទាំង ... ទាំង ... = both ... and ...} 2. entirely, completely 3. adverb marker equivalent to ដោយ |
| នោះ | nuh | 1. that, those (often serves simply to emphasize something already referred to or something distant in time or space) 2. then |
| មិន | mɨn | negative particle not, non- (usually requires the final particle ទេ) |
| ឬក៏ | rɨɨ kɑɑ | or (on the other hand) |
| ក្រៅ | krav | 1. outside, out 2. foreign |
| ទេ | tee | 1. particle: negative particle occurring in phrase final position especially after មិន, ពុំ, etc. 2. interrogative particle occurring in phrase final position, often in the combination ឬទេ 3. neutral/positive particle to add emphasis {ខ្ញុំសុខសប្បាយទេ = I'm fine!} {យកតែមួយទេ = I’ll take only one!} |
| ប៉ុន្តែ | pontae | but, however Notes: ជើង ត; root: តែ |
| រុញ | ruɲ | to push, push forward |
| ទៅ | tɨv | 1. to go (away from the speaker in space or time), to go to/towards, go on, continue, advance, go away 2. towards 3. from now on, from then on (often used as a particle indicating that the action began at some point in the past or present and continued on into the future or that the action is directed away from the speaker) 4. imperative particle, go ahead and ...! {ញ៉ាំទៅ = Go ahead and eat/drink!} |
| ឆ្វេង | cveeŋ | left, to the left, on the left |
| និង | nɨŋ | and |
| ស្ដាំ | sdam | right, to the right, on the right Notes: ជើង ដ |
| ព្រោះ | prʊəh | because (of), since |
| ប្រសិនបើ | prɑsən baə | if |
| ឬ | rɨɨ | 1. or 2. phrase-final interrogative particle {មិនមែនឬ = Isn't it true?} |
| អាច | ʔaac | 1. to be able/qualified (to do something), capable of (doing something) 2. to be possible 3. to be in condition (to), be in a position (to) 4. to dare to |
| បណ្ដាលឲ្យ | bɑndaal ʔaoy | to cause, lead to, bring about |
| ប៉ះពាល់ | pah poal | 1. to touch 2. to affect, have an effect on 3. to violate, infringe on 4. to collide with |
| ធ្វើឲ្យ | tvəə ʔaoy | 1. to cause, make (someone) do (something) 2. to do (something) for (someone) (often used to form causative compounds) |
| គាត់ | koat | 1. he/him/his 2. she/her 3. they/them/their (formal/polite 3rd person pronoun) 4. you/your (intimate) |
| គ្រោះថ្នាក់ | krʊək tnak | 1. accident 2. danger, risk 3. to be dangerous |
| របួស | rɔbuəh | 1. to be injured, wounded 2. wound, injury |
| បាន | baan | 1. to have completed/done something 2. to intend to complete something 3. marker of completed action 4. to get, obtain, acquire, to achieve, have been able to, to get/have the opportunity to do something 5. to get someone or something to do something (often translated by the English passive in this sense) 6. to be able to 7. not ... until, then and only then 8. to pass to someone through inheritance 9. to be OK, fine, all right 10. [spoken language] however, though, in contrast {ម្សិលមិញបានក្ដៅខ្លាំង = yesterday, however, it was very hot} 11. {បានហើយ = I'm done, I give up, I'm finished (depending on the context)} |
| ដូច្នេះ | doucneh | 1. so, thus, therefore 2. like this |
| ខាង | kʰaaŋ | 1. side, part 2. direction 3. pertaining to, with regard to |
| អី | ʔəy | 1. what? {អីហ្នឹង?/អីគេ?/អីគេហ្នឹង? = what is this?/what?} {កាន់អីនៅនឹងដៃហ្នឹង? = What are [you] holding in [your] hand?} 2. something, anything {មានអីអត់ = Are you all right?/Is everything ok?/Did anything happen?} {ខ្ញុំទៅក្រៅញ៉ាំអី = I’m going out to eat something} Notes: variant of អ្វី |
| ទើប | təəp | 1. then, only then, next 2. so, consequently {យប់មិញជួបមិត្តចាស់ទើបខ្ញុំញ៉ាំស្រា = yesterday, I met old friends, so I had drinks [with them]} 3. just {ទើបមកដល់ម្សិលមិញ = [they’ve] just arrived yesterday} |
| គេ | kee | 1. he, she 2. one, someone 3. other(s) |
| តែម្ដង | tae mdɑɑŋ | 1. immediately, at once, right away, directly 2. all of a sudden 3. generally, in general 4. totally Notes: ជើង ដ |
| ខាងក្រៅ | kʰaaŋ krav | 1. outside, outside of 2. on/from the outside |
| រង់ចាំ | rʊəŋ cam, rɔɔŋ cam | to wait (for, until) |
| ផ្លូវ | pləv | 1. road, street, route 2. way, style, cause, matter |
| នៃ | ney | 1. of, belonging to (more literary and formal than របស់) 2. links verb and its object |
| ខ្លះ | klah | some (serves as a plural marker with ណា and អ្វី) |
| ត្រូវ | trəv | 1. must, have to 2. to be correct, right, proper, exact, accurate 3. to concern, have to do with, to agree/jibe with, coincide with 4. to be affected with/by, to suffer, undergo (ត្រូវ + CLAUSE marks a passive-like construction in which the subject of the clause introduced by ត្រូវ is translated as the agent in the passive construction) |
| ឲ្យ | ʔaoy | 1. to give 2. to let, to allow 3. for, to, in order to, so as to {ចង់ឲ្យខ្ញុំកុម្ម៉ង់អីញ៉ាំឲ្យហើយអត់? = Do you want me to order something for you already?} 4. in a... manner (forms adverbial phrases from predicatives) Notes: also written អោយ, ឱ្យ |
| អស់ | ʔɑh | 1. to consume, use up, run low/short (of something) {អស់ហើយ = [a product, food etc.] finished/sold out} 2. to end, finish, terminate, come to an end 3. entirety, completeness, wholeness 4. to be complete, whole 5. entirely, completely 6. all (of), the whole (of) 7. to have to spend {អស់ម៉ាម៉ឺនទទេ = I had to pay 10’000 for no reason!} |
| ឈរ | cʰɔɔ | to stand (up) |
| ខាងមុខ | kʰaaŋ muk | 1. front, in front (of), ahead 2. forward, facing forward 3. in the future, coming |
| ដើរ | daə | 1. to walk, to go, to move 2. (of machines) to run |
| បាំង | baŋ | to conceal, cover, hide (something), mask, obstruct, shield, protect (e.g., with an umbrella) |
| ស្ទះ | steah | 1. to obstruct, block, close up, stop up {ស្ទះចរាចរណ៍ = traffic jam} {ស្ទះផ្លូវ = traffic jam} 2. to brick up, cork, shut, plug 3. to jam, foul |
| រួច | ruəc | 1. to finish, end, achieve, complete 2. indicates the possibility of completing the action of the main verb, to be able 3. already, then, after that |
| ការ | kaa | 1. commonly occurs as a nominalizing particle deriving abstract nouns or noun phrases from verbs or verb phrases 2. work, occupation 3. business, affair, matter 4. to protect, defend, prevent 5. to marry 6. marriage 7. wedding 8. interest (e.g., on a loan) 9. profit 10. usury 11. to wind (into a skein/bobbin/reel) 12. to spin (silk) |
| យឺតយ៉ាវ | yɨɨt yaav | to be slow, late (especially in terms of work) |
| ធ្វើដំណើរ | tvəə dɑmnaə | to make a trip, travel |
| ដើម្បី | daəmbəy | in order to, for, to, toward, reserved for |
| សុជីវធម៌ | soʔciiveaʔtʰoa | 1. savoir vivre, courtesy, manners, good-breeding 2. knowledge of the world, ability to live elegantly |
| ផង | pʰɑɑŋ | 1. also, too, as well 2. marker indicating entreaty or a polite request: please ..., would you ... |
| កុំឲ្យ | kom ʔaoy | 1. in order that not ..., so as not to ... 2. don't let ... |
| ពួក | puək | 1. plural marker 2. group, grouping, society, association |
| ត្រូវតែ | trəv tae | have to, must, should, ought to |